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CHAPTER XV. On Bleeding from the Nose.

68. Bleeding from the nose occurs in persons of a plethoric [habit], or in inflammation, especially in those afflicted with *suravand* (scurvy), debility, and putrid fever. 69. For persons of a plethoric [constitution] or those suffering from a feverish heat, a moderate bleeding from the nose is beneficial; but for those having the disease of scurvy or a putrid fever, it is exceedingly harmful. The reason being that it causes great debility, and at the same time the patient loses his color, the face turns yellow, he falls frequently into fainting [fits], the feet and hands grow cold, and the pulse of the arm beats faintly. From these signs it is understood that the patient is in a critical condition. 70. It is not necessary to strive to check the nosebleed quickly if it has occurred from a plethora of blood or in the midst of a violent feverish heat; but if the blood flows profusely and induces debility, then, in order to stem the blood, apply cold water frequently, or place ice upon the forehead, the nape of the neck, the head, and upon the private parts. Into whichever nostril the blood flows from, stuff shredded linen or tinder soaked in vinegar. The Armenian physician named Malkhas writes: Take three *miskhal*s of alum, pound [it], dissolve [it] in four cups (*finjan*) of very cold water, moisten a cloth therein, [and] apply it to the forehead; as soon as it becomes warm, change it again, until the nosebleed is checked. If there be costiveness in the bowels, administer two cups of the water [i.e., decoction] of good *ali-bukhara* [Bukhara plum] or black damson. In the final part of this medical manual, wherein diverse useful counsels are recorded, thou shalt also find a remedy for checking bleeding from the nose.

CHAPTER XVI. On Toothache.

71. Toothache occurs from various causes, most often from taking a chill, or from injury to the teeth, or—

NOTE: 13